Search your Drugs Here

Monday, February 7, 2011

meclizine hydrochloride

Posted by Sampil 5:48 PM, under | No comments

meclizine hydrochloride
(mek' li zeen)
Bonamine (CAN)
Oral prescription tablets:
AntivertAntrizine, Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula, Meni-D

Pregnancy Category B

Drug classes
Antiemetic
Anti-motion sickness drug
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic

Therapeutic actions
Reduces sensitivity of the labyrinthine apparatus; probably acts at least partly by blocking cholinergic synapses in the vomiting center, which receives input from the chemoreceptor trigger zone and from peripheral nerve pathways; peripheral anticholinergic effects may contribute to efficacy.

Indications
·        Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness
·        Possibly effective for the management of vertigo associated with diseases affecting the vestibular system

Contraindications and cautions
·        Contraindicated with allergy to meclizine or cyclizine.
·        Use cautiously with lactation, narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, bronchial asthma, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, cardiac arrhythmias, postoperative state (hypotensive effects may be confusing and dangerous), pregnancy.

Available forms
Tablets—12.5, 25, 50 mg; chewable tablets—25 mg; capsules—25 mg

Dosages
ADULTS
·        Motion sickness: 25–50 mg PO 1 hr before travel. May repeat dose every 24 hr for the duration of the journey.
·        Vertigo: 25–100 mg PO daily in divided doses.
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Not recommended for use in children < 12 yr.
GERIATRIC PATIENTS
More likely to cause dizziness, sedation, syncope, toxic confusional states, and hypotension in elderly patients; use with caution.

Pharmacokinetics
Route
Onset
Peak
Duration
Oral
1 hr
1–2 hr
12–24 hr

Metabolism: T1/2: 6 hr
Distribution: Crosses placenta; may enter breast milk
Excretion: Feces

Adverse effects
·        CNS: Drowsiness, confusion, euphoria, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia and excitement, seizures, vertigo, tinnitus, blurred vision, diplopia, auditory and visual hallucinations
·        CV: Hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia
·        Dermatologic: Urticaria, rash
·        GI: Dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
·        GU: Urinary frequency, difficult urination, urinary retention
·        Respiratory: Respiratory depression, death (due to overdose, especially in young children), dry nose and throat

Interactions
·        Increased sedation with alcohol or other CNS depressants

Nursing considerations
Assessment
·        History: Allergy to meclizine or cyclizine, pregnancy, narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, bronchial asthma, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, cardiac arrhythmias, postoperative patients, lactation, pregnancy
·        Physical: Skin color, lesions, texture; orientation, reflexes, affect; ophthalmic examination; P, BP; R, adventitious sounds; bowel sounds, normal output, status of mucous membranes; prostate palpation, urinary output

Interventions
·        Monitor I & O, and take appropriate measures with urinary retention.

Teaching points
·        Take as prescribed. Avoid excessive dosage. If you are using chewable tablets, chew them carefully before swallowing.
·        Anti-motion sickness drugs work best if used ahead of time for prevention.
·        Avoid alcohol; serious sedation could occur.
·        You may experience these side effects: Dizziness, sedation, drowsiness (use caution driving or performing tasks that require alertness); epigastric distress, diarrhea, or constipation (take with food); dry mouth (practice frequent mouth care, suck sugarless lozenges); dryness of nasal mucosa (try another motion sickness, antivertigo remedy).
·        Report difficulty breathing, hallucinations, tremors, loss of coordination, visual disturbances, irregular heartbeat.

Adverse effects in Italic are most common; those in Bold are life-threatening.

0 comments:

Post a Comment

Tags

Blog Archive

Blog Archive